Composición nutricional, contenido de compuestos bioactivos y capacidad antioxidante hidrofílica de frutas costarricenses seleccionadas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v33i2.46175Palabras clave:
composición proximal, carotenoides, fibra dietética, polifenoles, antioxidantesResumen
Introducción. El consumo de frutas y vegetales correlaciona inversamente con la incidencia de enfermedades degenerativas como diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares, ciertos tipos de cáncer y cataratas asociadas al envejecimiento, dada la acción de compuestos bioactivos como vitamina C, polifenoles y carotenoides. Objetivo. Evaluar el perfil nutricional de once frutas cultivadas en Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos. Este estudio se realizó en el Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos de la Universidad de Costa Rica, en el 2010. Se determinó el contenido de fibra dietética, polifenoles totales, reportados como equivalentes de ácido gálico (EAG), carotenoides totales expresados como µg β-caroteno y la capacidad hidrofílica de absorción de radicales de oxígeno (H-ORACFL) de once frutas tradicionales o subutilizadas: banano (Musa AAA subgrupo Cavendish cv. ‘Grand Naine’), mora tropical de altura (Rubus adenotrichos cv. ‘vino con espinas rojas’), melón (Cucumis melo cv. ‘Veracruz’), higo (Ficus carica cv. ‘Brown-Turkey’), mango (Mangifera indica cv. ‘Tommy Atkins’), papaya (Carica papaya híbrido ‘Pococí’), pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K), piña (Ananas comosus cv. híbrido MD-2 ‘Gold’), membrillo (Cydonia oblonga), jocote (Spondias purpurea cv. Tronador) y tomate de árbol rojo (Solanum betaceum). Las frutas fueron recolectadas en localidades de San José, Cartago, Alajuela, Guanacaste y Limón. Resultados. Seis de las frutas estudiadas presentaron contenidos de fibra dietética entre 4,2 y 6,6 g 100 g-1. La mora tropical de altura presentó el mayor contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales (538 ± 97 mg EAG 100 g-1) y la mayor actividad antioxidante (62,1 ± 4,0 μmol equivalentes de Trolox g-1), y el pejibaye cocido presentó el mayor contenido de carotenoides (72 ± 4 µg β-caroteno g-¹). Conclusión. Se evidencia los altos contenidos de compuestos bioactivos en frutas comúnmente cultivadas en Costa Rica, características nutricionales asociadas a beneficios para la salud, respaldados por estudios clínicos y epidemiológicos.
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