Annals in Gerontology ISSN Impreso: 1659-0813 ISSN electrónico: 2215-4647

OAI: https://www.revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/gerontologia/oai
Living alone in old age: coping strategies with loneliness
PDF (Español (España))
HTML (Español (España))

Keywords

coping
loneliness
living alone
old age
estrategias de afrontamiento
soledad
hogares unipersonales
vejez

How to Cite

Robles-Silva, L., & Martínez García, S. . (2023). Living alone in old age: coping strategies with loneliness. Annals in Gerontology, 15(15), 85–111. Retrieved from https://www.revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/gerontologia/article/view/54613

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyze the strategies for coping with loneliness among the elderly who live alone.  The data come from a qualitative study with 44 elderlies in Uruguay, individual interviews and focus group and content analysis were carried out. Findings. The elderly used two types of strategies to cope with the absence of interpersonal relationships at home. One, focused on emotions based on doing activities outside the home, which allowed controlling the negative emotions due to the feeling of loneliness. In addition, the other, focused on the problem, through the search for new social relationships outside the home, particularly couples under the arrangement of "living alone together” and friendship relationships. The elderly use cognitive, emotional and relational resources to build a coping process located outside the home space when living alone. The coping strategies reported here make visible new relationship contexts during old age.

PDF (Español (España))
HTML (Español (España))

References

Aletraris, L. (2016). Living alone together. En C. L. Shehan (Ed.), The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of family studies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Arenas de Mesa, A. (2019). Los sistemas de pensiones en la encrucijada: Desafíos para la sostenibilidad en América Latina. Naciones Unidas.

Aspinwall, L. (2001). Dealing with adversity: Self-regulation, coping, adaptation and health. En A. Tesser & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Intraindividual processes (pp. 591-614). Malden: Blackwell Publishers.

Blunt, A. & Dowling, R. (2006). Home. Routledge.

Borell, K. & Karlsson, S. G. (2003). Re-conceptualizing intimacy and ageing: Living apart together. In S. Arber, K. Davidson y J. Ginn (Eds.), Gender and ageing: Changing roles and relationships (pp. 47-62). Open University Press.

Bouchard, G. (2014). How do parents react when their children leave home? An integrative review. Journal of Adult Development, 21(2), 69-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-013-9180-8

Cardona Jiménez, J. L., Villamil Gallego, M. M., Henao Villa, E. y Quintero Echeverri, Á. (2011). El afrontamiento de la soledad en la población adulta. Medicina UPB, 30(2), 150-162.

Cohen-Mansfield, J., Hazan, H., Lerman, Y. & Shalom, V. (2016). Correlates and predictors of loneliness in older-adults: A review of quantitative results informed by qualitative insights. International Psychogeriatrics, 28(4), 557-576.

Conkova, N., Vullnetari, J., King, R. & Fokkema, T. (2019). “Left like stones in the middle of the road”: Narratives of aging alone and coping strategies in rural Albania and Bulgaria. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 74(8), 1492-1500. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby127

Courtin, E. & Knapp, M. (2017). Social isolation, loneliness and health in old age: A scoping review. Health & Social Care in the Community, 25(3), 799B812. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12311

Kamin, T., Perger, N., Debevec, L. & Tivadar, B. (2021). Alone in a time of pandemic: Solo-living women coping with physical isolation. Qualitative Health Research, 31(2), 203-217. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732320971603

Kharicha, K., Manthorpe, J., Iliffe, S., Chew-Graham, C., Cattan, M., Goodman, C., Kirby-Barr, M., Whitehouse, J. & Walters, K. (2020). Managing loneliness: A qualitative study of older people’s views. Aging & Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2020.1729337

Kharicha, K., Manthorpe, J., Iliffe, S., Davies, N. & Walters, K. (2018). Strategies employed by older people to manage loneliness: Systematic review of qualitative studies and model development. International Psychogeriatrics, 30(12), 1767-1781. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610218000339

Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.

Lazarus, R. S. & Lazarus, B. N. (2006). Coping with aging. Oxford University Press.

Leontiev, D. (2019). The dialectics of aloneness: Positive vs. negative meaning and differential assessment. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 32(3-4), 548-562. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2019.1640186

López Doblas, J. (2005). Personas mayores viviendo solas. La autonomía como valor en alza. Instituto de Mayores y Servicios Sociales (IMSERSO).

Luanaigh, C. Ó. & Lawlor, B. (2008). Loneliness and the health of older people. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(12), 1213-1221. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2054

Mauritz, S. & Wagner, M. (2021). LAT relationships: A new living arrangement among the oldest old population in Germany? Demography Research, 44(Article 14), 349-362. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2021.44.14

Miret Gamundi, P. y Zueras, P. (2015). Bienestar y patrones residenciales de la población que envejece y no convive en pareja. Europa occidental, 2004-2011. Revista Internacional de Sociología, 73(3). https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2015.73.3.e017

Morlett Paredes, A., Lee, E. E., Chik, L., Gupta, S., Palmer, B. W., Palinkas, L. A., Kim, H. & Jeste, D. V. (2020). Qualitative study of loneliness in a senior housing community: The importance of wisdom and other coping strategies. Aging & Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1699022

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. (2020). Social isolation and loneliness in older adults: Opportunities for the health care system. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25663

Park, H., Morgan, T., Wiles, J. & Gott, M. (2018). Lonely ageing in a foreign land: Social isolation and loneliness among older Asian migrants in New Zealand. Health & Social Care in the Community, 27(3), 740-747. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12690

Reher, D. & Requena, M. (2018). Living alone in later life: A global perspective. Population and Development Review, 44(3), 427-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12149

Schoenmakers, E. C., Van Tilburg, T. G. & Fokkema, T. (2012). Coping with loneliness: What do older adults suggest? Aging & Mental Health, 16(3), 353-360. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2011.630373

Schoenmakers, E. C., Van Tilburg, T. G. & Fokkema, T. (2015). Problem-focused and emotion-focused coping options and loneliness: How are they related? European Journal of Ageing, 12(2), 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-015-0336-1

Smith, J. M. (2012). Toward a better understanding of loneliness in community-dwelling older adults. The Journal of Psychology, 146(3), 293-311. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2011.602132

Snell, K. D. M. (2017). The rise of living alone and loneliness in history. Social History, 42(1), 2-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2017.125609

Thevenet, N. (2013). Cuidados en personas adultas mayores. Análisis descriptivo de los datos del censo 2011. Ministerio de Desarrollo Social.

Thoits, P. A. (1995). Stress, coping, and social support processes: Where are we? What next? Journal of Health and Social Behavior (35 (Extra issue)), 53-79. https://doi.org/10.2307/2626957

Turcotte, M. (2013). Living apart together. Insights on Canada Society. Statistics Canada, Catalogue (75 0006 X), 1-9.

Ugochi Ojembe, B. & Ebe Kalu, M. (2018). Describing reasons for loneliness among older people in Nigeria. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 61(6), 640-658. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2018.1487495

United Nations. (2017). World Population Ageing. United Nations.

Victor, C., Scambler, S. & Bond, J. (2009). The social world of older people. McGraw Hill.

Victor, C. R. & Bowling, A. (2012). A longitudinal analysis of loneliness among older people in Great Britain. The Journal of Psychology, 146(3), 313-331. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2011.609572

Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. The MIT Press.

White, G. (1987). Proverbs and cultural models: An American psychology of problem solving. En D. Holland & N. Quinn (Eds.), Cultural models in language & thought (pp. 151-172). Cambridge University Press.

Comments

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2023 Annals in Gerontology

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.