Sensitivity of the corn (Zea mays) crop to different periods of controlled water deficit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2024.55660Keywords:
climate change, drought, growth, yieldAbstract
Introduction. Corn is one of the oldest food grains. With climate change, frequent and severe droughts, available water in the soil will be greatly reduced. Water deficit affects corn crop development to varying degrees, the sensitivity to this stress varies at different stages of development. Objective. To identify the phenological stages most sensitive to water deficit in corn. Materials and methods. This experiment was conducted during two cycles 2020 and 2021 in El Ejido, Los Santos province, Republic of Panama, under semi-controlled conditions in the grow house greenhouse of the Coronel Segundo de Villarreal Institute. The commercial corn hybrid ADV-9293 was used. Agronomic management was carried out according to the technology generated by the Panama Institute for Agricultural Innovation (IDIAP). Variables such as plant height, leaf length and width, stalk diameter, biomass and yield components such as number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row and mass of 100 kernels were determined throughout the crop cycle. Soil moisture was also determined by the gravimetric method. Water deficit at different stages was generated through drought simulation. Results. The control grain yields exceeded the different treatments evaluated with 12.83 t ha-1, followed by the treatment with grain filling stress with 10.31 t ha-1. Two periods were determined to be more sensitive to water deficit; these are the stages from 20 to 35 and 40 to 55 days after sowing. Water deficit in the different phenological stages of the crop had a negative impact on the relative chlorophyll content. Conclusion. The pre-flowering and flowering stages were more sensitive to water deficiency in corn.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Ana Sáez-Cigarruista, Donaldo Morales-Guevara, Román Gordón-Mendoza, Jorge Jaén-Villarreal, Francisco Ramos-Manzané
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