Perception of farmers on the management of fungal diseases of soybeans (Glycine max x (L.) Merr.) in Paraguay
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2024.55193Keywords:
Glycine max, fungicides, plant diseases, plant diseases controlAbstract
Introduction. Paraguay is the sixth largest producer and third largest exporter of soybeans (Glycine max x (L.) Merr.) globally, making this crop of paramount socio-economic importance in the country. However, its productivity can be adversely affected by diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. Additionally, phytosanitary information regarding soybean cultivation in Paraguay is limited. Objective. To understand farmers' perceptions of the the primary soybean diseases and their management. Materials and methods. Between April and May 2022, we administered a questionnaire in Google Forms format, consisting of both open and closed-ended multiple-choice questions, to 45 soybean producers aged between 30 and 50 years. These producers cultivate areas ranging from 200 to 1000 hectares in the departments of Alto Paraná, Itapúa, and Caaguazú in Paraguay. Results. Among the respondents, 56% considered Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) as the most significant phytosanitary issue associated with soybean cultivation, followed by late-season diseases (LSD) such as brown spot (Septoria glycines) and frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora kikuchii). Respondents reported using three to four fungicide applications as a disease control measure, with their choice based on the type of product formulation. A majority of respondents noted that both the cost and frequency of applications increased over time. Additionally, 53% mentioned that biological fungicides are a viable alternative for integrated disease management. Conclusion. The responses obtained in this study provide valuable insights into the disease management tactics perceived by soybean producers in Paraguay, underscoring the significance of Asian soybean rust and late-season diseases. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to explore all aspects of pathogen management thoroughly.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Gabriela Giuliana Caballero-Mairesse, Flávio Henrique Mendes, Andrea Alejandra Arrua, Horacio Daniel Lopez-Nicora, Guillermo Andrés Enciso-Maldonado
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