Palabras clave
handball players
physical activity measurement
locomotion
balonmano
jugadores de balonmano
medición de la actividad física
locomoción
Cómo citar
Resumen
El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar los indicadores de carga externa e interna en balonmano juvenil durante un torneo congestionado en Costa Rica, seleccionando variables a través de Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) como técnica de reducción de datos, y determinar si existen diferencias entre sexo. Los datos se obtuvieron de 73 jugadores juveniles de balonmano (33 mujeres y 38 hombres) de ocho clubes locales durante un torneo de partidos congestionados de 3 días. Se analizaron doce partidos (seis masculinos y seis femeninos) utilizando ACP y una prueba t-Student independiente para las diferencias relacionadas entre sexos. Se identificaron seis indicadores principales de carga, cinco de carga externa [distancia relativa (DR); cantidad de aceleraciones (AceR), aceleración máxima (AceMáx), velocidad máxima (VMáx), y diferencia entre aceleraciones y deceleraciones (DfAce-Dec)] y uno de carga interna [frecuencia cardíaca media (FCmedia)]. En hombres, los indicadores más representativos fueron la DR, la FCmedia y AceMáx, explicaron el 39,6% de la varianza. En mujeres fueron la VMáx y AceMáx explicando el 44,4% de la varianza. AceR (p< 0,01), AceMáx (p< 0,01), VMáx (p< 0,01) fueron mayores en hombres respecto a las mujeres. Mientras que la FCmedia (p= 0,02) fue mayor en mujeres que hombres. Se concluye que la carga externa e interna mostró diferencias entre jugadores masculinos y femeninos. Hombres caracterizados por variables asociadas con el volumen, mientras que, para las mujeres fueron más comunes indicadores relacionados con la intensidad. Para torneos congestionados, es importante individualizar según sexo las cargas de entrenamiento, así como priorizar las cualidades físicas a entrenar.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2024 Daniel Rojas-Valverde, Jose Pino-Ortega, Carlos Gómez-Carmona, Alexis Ugalde-Ramírez, Jose Trejos-Montoya, Braulio Sánchez-Ureña, Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas, Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas