Archivos suplementarios
Palabras clave
crianza de terneras
nutrición animal
nutrientes
consumo
rumination
calf rearing
animal nutrition
nutrients
intake
Resumen
En ganado lechero adulto, los patrones de rumia han sido ampliamente estudiados y asociados a niveles de consumo de materia seca, composición física-química de la dieta, estro, estado salud y bienestar animal. No ocurre lo mismo en terneras, donde la información disponible sobre el tiempo y los patrones de rumia es muy incipiente. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar los resultados obtenidos en investigaciones donde se evaluaron los efectos de la combinación de distintos programas de alimentación en la crianza de terneras sobre el tiempo de rumia en las semanas previas y posteriores al destete. Además, se analizó la tasa de crecimiento, el ambiente ruminal y el comportamiento animal alcanzado en los tratamientos nutricionales que presentaron mayor actividad de rumia. Para lo cual se consideraron siete investigaciones que registraron la rumia, a través de observadores calificados, durante las horas próximas a la alimentación. El tiempo de rumia se expresó como porcentaje del tiempo total observado y presentó un amplio rango de dispersión entre los diferentes tratamientos nutricionales, con valores que oscilaron entre 2 y 18%. Los mayores porcentajes se alcanzaron al suplementar con forrajes en proporciones inferiores al 10-15% de la ración. No obstante, en algunas investigaciones, la inclusión de ciertos forrajes no generó efectos sobre el tiempo de rumia; lo cual hace suponer que otros factores relacionados a la composición físico-química de la dieta estarían influyendo. En general, los animales que presentaron mayor actividad de rumia mostraron valores superiores de pH ruminal, consumo de alimento balanceado y ganancia de peso diaria, principalmente en posdestete. Por consiguiente, el tiempo y los patrones de rumia en terneras podría ser un indicador promisorio para monitorear la alimentación, el ambiente ruminal y el estado de bienestar animal. No obstante, en algunas de las investigaciones estas asociaciones no fueron encontradas o incluso se registró una menor concentración de ácidos grasos volátiles que podría comprometer el desarrollo ruminal.
Citas
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