@article{Gutiérrez_Cerdas_1984, title={Mecanismo de acción de miotoxinas aisladas de venenos de serpientes}, volume={32}, url={https://www.revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/24516}, abstractNote={<p>Biochemically and pharmacologically, myotoxins isolated from snake venoms can be placed in four main groups: myolaxic phospholipases A, low molecular weight basic toxins, cardiotoxins, and hemorrhagic myotoxins. The myotoxic phospholipascs A notexin, taipoxin, crotoxin, and <em>Bothrops asper</em> myotoxin induce muscle necrosis by first affecting the integrity of the plasma membrane, thereby inducing a calcium influx that culminates in cell death. The small basic myotoxin crotamine acts on the voltage-sensitive sodium channels of skeletal muscle sarcolemma, inducing a sodium influx which is responsible for depolarization and contraction of skeletal muscle, as well as for vacuolization of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Cardiotoxins are basic membrane-active polypeptides that disorganize the structure of membranes; the myotoxic activity of cardiotoxins results from their ability to disrupt skeletal muscle sarcolemma. Finally, two hemorrhagic toxins (hemorrhagic toxin b and viriditoxin) are myotoxic; apparently, they induce myonecrosis secondarily to ischemia which develops in muscular tissue as a consequence of the hemorrhagic action of these toxins.</p>}, number={2}, journal={Revista de Biología Tropical}, author={Gutiérrez, José María and Cerdas, Luis}, year={1984}, month={Nov.}, pages={213–221} }