Abstract
Objective. To build and assess the psychometric properties of an instrument that allows the emotions and beliefs elicited by food consumption to be operationalized. Participants. 1833 men (49.9%) and women (50.1%), between 14 and 18 years old (M = 15.43, SD = .93) participated in this study in a non-probabilistic and intentional way. 95.4% of the participants were studying at high school level, and 4.6% began their higher education in public schools in Mexico City. Method. The quality of the instrument was tested according to the Classical Test Theory. Only the purposely-made instrument was implemented. Results. A valid and reliable instrument was obtained, with three dimensions: erroneous beliefs about weight control, experiencing of pleasant emotions when eating, and importance given to body weight.
References
Adriaanse, M., De Ridder, D., & Evers, C. (2011). Emotional eating: Eating when emotional or emotional about eating? Psychology and Health, 26(1), 23-39.
AERA, APA, & NCME (1999). Standards for educational and psychological testing. Washington: AERA.
Benton, D. (2002). Carbohydrate ingestion, blood glucose and mood. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 26(3), 293-308.
Berg, K. C., Peterson, C. B., Frazier, P., & Crow, S. J. (2012). Psychometric evaluation of the Eating Disorder Examination and Eating Disorder Examination – Questionnaire: A systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 45(3), 428-438.
Bublitz, M. G., Peracchio, L. A., & Block, L. G. (2010). Why did I eat that? Perspectives on food decision making and dietary restraint. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20(3), 239-258. doi: 10.1016/j.jcps.2010.06.008
Cruwys, T., Bevelander, K. E., & Hermans, R. C. J. (2015). Social modeling of eating: A review of when and why social influence affects food intake and choice. Appetite, 86, 3-18. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.08.035
DeJesusa, J., Gelmana S., Viechnickig, B., Appugliesec, D., Millerd, A., Rosenblume, K., … & Lumengb, J. (2018). An investigation of maternal food intake and maternal food talk as predictors of child food intake. Appettite, 127, 356-363. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.04.018
Evers, C., Adriaanse, M., de Ridder, D., & de Witt Huberts, J. (2013). Research report Good mood food. Positive emotion as a neglected trigger for food intake. Appetite, 68, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.04.007
Eversa, C., Dingemansb, A., Junghansa, A., & Boevéc, A. (2018). Feeling bad or feeling good, does emotion affect your consumption of food? A meta-analysis of the experimental evidence. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, 92, 195-208. doi: /10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.028
Flora, D. B. & Curran, P. J. (2004). An empirical evaluation of alternative methods of estimation for confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data. Psychological Methods, 9(4), 466-491. doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.9.4.466
Franco, K., Alvarez, G. L., & Ramírez, R. E. (2011). Instrumentos para trastornos del comportamiento alimentario validados en mujeres mexicanas: una revisión de la literatura. Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios, 2, 148-164.
Garner, D., & Garfinkel, P. (1979). The Eating Attitudes Test: An index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 9(2), 273-279.
Garner, D. M., Olmstead, M. P., & Polivy, J. (1983). Development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorders inventory for anorexia nervosa and bulimia. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2(2), 15-34. doi: 10.1002/1098-108X(198321)2:2<15::AID-EAT2260020203>3.0.CO;2-6
Geraerts, E., Bernstein, D. M., Merckelbach, H., Linders, C., Raymaekers, L., & Loftus, E. F. (2008). Lasting false beliefs and their behavioral consequences. Psychologycal Science, 19(8), 749-753. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02151
Gutjar, S., de Graaf, C., Kooijman, V., de Wijk, R. A., Nys, A., ter Horst, G. J., & Jager, G. (2015). The role of emotions in food choice and liking. Food Research International, 76(2), 216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.12.022
Horgana, G. W., Scalcob, K., Craigc, T., Whybrowb, S., & Macdiarmidb, J. I. (2019). Social, temporal and situational influences on meat consumption in the UK population. Appettite, 138, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.03.007
Howe, D., Anderson, J., & Dewhurst, A. (2017). False memories, but not false beliefs, affect implicit attitudes for food preferences. Acta Psychologica, 179, 14-22. doi:10.1016/j. actpsy.2017.07.002
Lally, P., Bartle, N., & Wardle, J. (2011). Social norms and diet in adolescents. Appetite, 57(3), 623-627. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.07.015.0
Litwin, R., Goldbacher, E. M., Cardaciotto, L. & Gambrel, L. E. (2016). Negative emotions and emotional eating: the mediating role of experiential avoidance. Eating and Weight Disorders, 22(1), 97-104. doi: 10.1007/s40519-016-0301-9
Mantaua, A., Hattulab, S., & Bornemannb, T. (2018). Individual determinants of emotional eating: A simultaneous investigation. Appettite, 130, 93-103. doi: 10.1016/j. appet.2018.07.015
Mela, D. J. (2006). Eating for pleasure or just wanting to eat? Reconsidering sensory hedonic responses as a driver of obesity. Appetite, 47(1), 10-17. doi:10.1016/j. appet.2006.02.006
Morata, M. A., Holgado, F. P., Barbero, I., & Méndez, G. (2015). Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. Recomendaciones sobre mínimos cuadrados no ponderados en función del error tipo I de Ji cuadrado y RMSEA. Acción Psicológica, 12(1), 79-90. doi: 10.5944/ap.12.1.14362
Muñiz, J. (2010). Las teorías de los tests: Teoría clásica y teoría de respuesta a los ítems. Papeles del Psicólogo, 31(1), 57-66.
Ramos, J. H., González, K. E., & Silva, C. (2016). Efecto de la interacción entre el sexo y el peso sobre el comer emocional en adolescentes. Revista Psicología y Salud, 26(1), 63-68.
Rodgers, R. (2016). The role of the “Healthy Weight” discourse in body image and eating concerns: An extension of sociocultural theory. Eating Behaviors, 22, 194-198. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.06.004 1471-0153
Rosen, J. C., Jones, A., Ramirez, E., & Waxman, S. (1996). Body Shape Questionnaire: Studies of validity and reliability. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 20(3), 315-319. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199611)20:3<315::AID-EAT11>3.0.CO;2-Z
Ruiz, M. A., Pardo, A., & San Martín, R. (2010). Modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Papeles del Psicólogo, 31(1), 34-45.
Sinha, J. (2016). We are where we eat: How consumption contexts induce (un)healthful eating for stigmatized overweight consumers. Journal of Consumer Psychology 26(2), 289-297. doi: 10.1016/j.jcps.2015.06.015
Thompson, J. K. (2001). Body image, eating disorders, and obesity: An integrative guide for assessment and treatment. Washington: American Psychological Association.
Van Strien, T., Donker, M., & Ouwens, M. A. (2016). Is desire to eat in response to positive emotions an ‘obese’ eating style: Is Kummerspeck for some people a misnomer? Appetite, 100, 225-235. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.035