Palabras clave
ingesta de líquido
percepción de la sed
equilibrio de agua y electrolitos
humanos
Cómo citar
Resumen
Se evaluó la percepción de la sed (PS) como variable dependiente: ¿puede ésta distinguir entre distintos niveles de deshidratación aguda? ¿Es confiable? ¿Cómo responde a la ingesta de un volumen fijo de agua después del ejercicio? Conforme a un diseño de medidas repetidas, ocho estudiantes físicamente activos (24.5±3.6 años, media±DE) se reportaron al laboratorio en cuatro días no consecutivos. Se mantuvieron en reposo o se ejercitaron a 32±3°C bs y 65±6% hr hasta alcanzar una deshidratación equivalente a 1, 2 o 3% de la masa corporal (MC); el orden de las pruebas fue asignado aleatoriamente. Después del ejercicio, los participantes ingirieron un volumen fijo de agua equivalente a 1.20% MC en 30 minutos. Se midió la eliminación de orina, la PS y los cambios en el volumen plasmático cada 30 minutos a lo largo de tres horas. No hubo diferencia entre la PS postejercicio antes de ducharse y la PS después de ducharse (p = 0.860), pero la PS sí fue distinta entre condiciones (PS = 2.50 ± 0.45, 4.44 ± 0.72, 6.38 ± 0.82, y 8.63 ± 0.18 para 0, 1, 2 y 3% MC, p = 0.001). Se observó una asociación entre PS y el equilibrio neto de líquido (rpar = -0.62, p < 0.0001), sin embargo, poco después de beber, la PS fue igual sin importar la deshidratación (p>0.05). La percepción de la sed es válida y confiable mientras no se bebe, pero responde inadecuadamente a la ingesta de agua.Citas
Adolph, E.F. & Dill, D.B. (1938). Observations on water metabolism in the desert. American Journal of Physiology, 123, 369-378. http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/content/123/2/369
Armstrong, L. E., Johnson, E. C., Kunces, L. J., Ganio, M. S., Judelson, D. A., Kupchak, D. R., …Williamson, K. H. (2014). Drinking to Thirst Versus Drinking Ad Libitum During Road Cycling. Journal of Athletic Training, 49(5), 624-631. doi: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.85
Brown, M. B., McCarty, N. A., & Millard-Stafford, M. (2011). High-sweat Na+ in cystic fibrosis and healthy individuals does not diminish thirst during exercise in the heat. American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Phisiology, 301(4), 1177-1185. doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00551.2010
Capitán-Jiménez, C., & Aragón-Vargas, L. F. (2012). Detection of Euhydration in Humans from the Diuresis Response to a Water Load. Medicina Sportiva, 16(1), 30-35.Retrieved from http://www.kerwa.ucr.ac.cr/handle/10669/527?show=full
Cheuvront, S. & Kenefick, R. (2014). Dehydration: physiology, assessment, and performance effects. Comprehensive Physiology 4(1), 257-285. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c130017
Cohen, D. (2012). The truth about sports drinks. BMJ, 345. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e4737
Corbit, J. D. (1968). Cellular dehydration and hypovolaemia are additive in producing thirst. Nature, 218, 886–887. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/218886a0
Denton, D., Shade, R., Zamarippa, F., Egan, G., Blair-West, J., McKinley, M., & Fox, P. (1999). Correlation of regional cerebral blood flow and change of plasma sodium concentration during genesis and satiation of thirst. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96(5), 2532-2537. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.5.2532
Dill, D. B., & Costill, D. L. (1974). Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. Journal of Applied Physiology, 37(2), 247-248. Retrieved from http://jap.physiology.org/content/jap/37/2/247.full.pdf
Egan, G., Silk, T., Zamarippa, F., Williams, J., Federico, P., Cunnington, R., ..., & Denton, D. (2003). Neural correlates of the emergence of consciousness of thirst. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100(25), 15241-15246. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2136650100
Engell, D. B., Maller, O., Sawka, M. N., Francesconi, R. N., Drolet, L., & Young, A. J. (1987). Thirst and fluid intake following graded hypohydration levels in humans. Physiology & Behavior, 40(2), 229-236. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(87)90212-5
Fitzsimons J. T. (1961). Drinking by rats depleted of body fluid without increase in osmotic pressure. Journal of Physiology, 159(2), 297–309. doi: https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1961.sp006809
Goulet, E. D. (2011). Effect of exercise-induced dehydration on time-trial exercise performance: a meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(14), 1149-1156. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.077966
Greenleaf, J. E. (1992). Problem: Thirst, drinking behavior and involuntary dehydration. Medicine and Science in Sports Exercise, 24(6), 645-656. doi: https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199206000-00007
Hubbard, R. W., Sandick, B. L., Matthew, W. T., Francesconi, R. P., Sampson, J. B., Durkot, M. J., … Engell, D. B. (1984). Voluntary dehydration and alliesthesia for water. Journal of Applied Physiology, 57(3), 868-875. Retrieved from http://jap.physiology.org/content/57/3/868
Hubbard, R. W., Szlyk, P. C., & Armstrong, L. E. (1990). Influence of thirst and fluid palatability on fluid ingestion during exercise. Gisolfi, C. V., & Lamb, D. R. (Eds.), Perspectives in exercise science and sports medicine: Vol. 3 Fluid homeostasis during exercise (pp. 39-95). Carmel, IN: Cooper Publishing Group.
Johnson, A. K. (1990). Brain mechanisms in the control of body fluid homeostasis. Gisolfi, C. V., & Lamb, D. R, (Eds.), Perspectives in exercise science and sports medicine: Vol. 3. Fluid homeostasis during exercise (pp. 347-424). Carmel, IN: Cooper Publishing Group.
Johnson, A. K. (2007). The sensory psychobiology of thirst and salt appetite. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(8), 1388-1400. doi: https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3180686de8
Johnson, A. K., & Thunhorst, R. L. (1997). The neuroendocrinology of thirst and salt appetite: visceral sensory signals and mechanisms of central integration. Frontiers and Neuroendocrinology, 18(3), 292-353. doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/frne.1997.0153
Maresh, C. M., Gabaree-Boulant, C. L., Armstrong, L. E., Judelson, D. A., Hoffman, J. R., Castellani, J. W., … Casa, D. J. (2004). Effect of hydration status on thirst, drinking, and related hormonal responses during low-intensity exercise in the heat. Journal of Applied Physiology, 97(1), 39-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00956.2003
Maresh, C. M., Herrera-Soto, J. A., Armstrong, L. E., Casa, D. J., Kavouras, S. A., Hacker, F. T. Jr., … Scheett, T. P. (2001). Perceptual responses in the heat after brief intravenous versus oral rehydration. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(6), 1039-1045. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200106000-00025
Maughan, R. J., Shirreffs, S. M., Merson, S. J., & Horswill, C. A. (2005). Fluid and electrolyte balance in elite male football (soccer) players training in a cool environment. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(1), 73-79. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410410001730115
McCarney, R., Warner, J., Iliffe, S., Van Haselen, R., Griffin, M., & Fisher, P. (2007). The Hawthorne Effect: a randomised, controlled trial. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 7, 30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-7-30
Obika, L. F., Idu, F. K., George, G. O., Ajayi, O. I., & Mowoe, R. S. (2009). Thirst perception and drinking in euhydrate and dehydrate human subjects. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, 24(1), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.4314/njps.v24i1.46377
Passe, D., Horn, M., Stofan, J., Horswill, C., & Murray, R. (2007). Voluntary dehydration in runners despite favorable conditions for fluid intake. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 17(3), 284-295.doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.17.3.284
Peacock, O. J., Thompson, D., & Stokes, K. A. (2012). Voluntary drinking behaviour, fluid balance and psychological affect when ingesting water or a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution during exercise. Appetite, 58(1), 56-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.08.023
Peacock, O. J., Thompson, D., & Stokes, K. A. (2013). Impact of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on ingestive behaviour, affect and self-selected intensity during recreational exercise after 24-h fluid restriction. Appetite, 60(1), 5-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.10.017
Pérez-Idárraga, A., & Aragón-Vargas, L. F. (2014). Postexercise rehydration: potassium-rich drinks versus water and a sports drink. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 39(10), 1167-1174. doi: https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0434
Riebe, D., Maresh, C. M., Armstrong, L. E., Kenefick, R. W., Castellani, J. W., Echegaray, M, E., Clark, B. A., & Camaione, D. N. (1997). Effects of oral and intravenous rehydration on ratings of perceived exertion and thirst. Medicine and Sciences in Sports and Exercise, 29(1), 117-124. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199701000-00017
Rivera-Brown A. M.., Gutierrez, R.., Gutierrez J.C., Padro, C., Frontera, W., & Bar-Or, O. (1999). Drink composition, voluntary drinking, and fluid balance in exercising, trained, heat-acclimatized boys. Journal Applied Physiology, 86(1), 78-84. Retrieved from http://jap.physiology.org/content/86/1/78.long
Rivera-Brown, A., M., Ramirez-Marrero, F. A., Wilk, B., & Bar-Or, O. (2008). Voluntary drinking and hydration in trained, heat-acclimatized girls exercising in a hot and humid climate. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 103(1), 109-116. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0682-1
Sagawa, S., Miki, K., Tajima, F., Tanaka, H., Choi, J. K., Keil, L. C.,Greenleaf, J. E. (1992). Effect of dehydration on thirst and drinking during immersion in men. Journal of Applied Physiology, 72(1), 128-34. Retrieved from http://jap.physiology.org/content/72/1/128.long
Sawka, M. N., Burke, L. M., Eichner, E. R., Maughan, R. J., Montain, S. J., & Stachenfeld, N. S. (2007). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and Fluid Replacement. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(2), 377-390. doi: https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31802ca597
Scaglioni, P. (2008). Ingesta voluntaria de líquido y cambio en el gusto con opción de dos bebidas durante entrenamiento en ciclismo. Pensar En Movimiento: Revista del ciencias del ejercicio y la salud, 6(1), 24-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.15517/pensarmov.v6i1.369
Shirreffs S. M., Aragon-Vargas L. F., Chamorro M., Maughan R. J., Serratosa L., & Zachwieja J. J. (2005). The Sweating Response of Elite Professional Soccer Players to Training in the Heat. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(2), 90-95. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-821112
Shirreffs, S. M., Armstrong, L. E., & Cheuvront, S. N. (2004). Fluid and electrolyte needs for preparation and recovery from training and competition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22(1), 57-63. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000140572
Solera-Herrera, A., & Aragón-Vargas, L. F. (2006). Deshidratación y sobrehidratación voluntarias durante el ejercicio en el calor: posibles factores relacionados. Pensar en Movimiento: Revista De Ciencias Del Ejercicio y La Salud, 4(1), 22-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.15517/pensarmov.v4i1.410
Stachenfeld, N. S. (2014). The Interrelationship of Research in the Laboratory and the Field to Assess Hydration Status and Determine Mechanisms Involved in Water Regulation During Physical Activity. Sports Medicine, 44(1), 97-104. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0155-0
Szlyk, P. C., Sils, I. V., Francesconi, R. P., Hubbard, R. W., & Armstrong, L. E. (1989). Effects of water temperature and flavoring on voluntary dehydration in men. Physiology & Behavior, 45(3), 639-647. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(89)90085-1
Wilk, B., Rivera-Brown, A. M., & Bar-Or, O. (2007). Voluntary drinking and hydration in non-acclimatized girls exercising in the heat. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 101(6), 727-734. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0539-z